A double cast would solve this (int)(uintptr_t)t->key. You need to include to have the uintptr_ttype (an integral type Do bracers of armor stack with magic armor enhancements and special abilities? getting the warning : cast from pointer to integer of different size while cnverting string to integer array and printing unrelated numbers, cast to pointer from integer of different size warning when assigning pointer to function, gcc.exe warning cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast], pthread_exit() throws warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] warning. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. C unix program, Different executables from different cds run always the same code, what is the time and space complexity of this function. Because at -m32, you have ILP32, and at -m64, you get LP64, and it's only when pointers are bigger than ints that you'll get the warning, and longs are the same size as pointers in both cases. See GLib Type Conversion Macros for a discussion of the issue. int var First, if you can fix func (are allowed to modify its source), then fix it. What are the Kalman filter capabilities for the state estimation in presence of the uncertainties in the system input? [3/8] exynos_fimg2d: fix cast from pointer to integer of different size Message ID 1393995704-29184-4-git-send-email-djkurtz@chromium.org ( mailing list archive ) ], If you're not averse to using unsigned integers, it might be easier to use uint_64t or something like that, which will avoid the 64-bit to 32-bit assignment (uint_64t is an unsigned 64-bit int). Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. This type has the same size of a pointer (not int) in every architecture. MOSFET is getting very hot at high frequency PWM. The best way to do this is by using the intptr_t type. Cast from a pointer to an integer of a different size Problem: I received the following warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] Solution: The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6.3 issues a warning when you cast a You've got lots of problems with the code you posted. First: printf("[%d]->[%d]\n", (int)t->key,(int)t->value); Cast to pointer from integer of different size error, Passing argument as int to thread - Warning: cast to pointer from integer different size, Dlsym: cast to pointer from integer of different size, compilation error: cast from pointer to integer of different size, cast to pointer from integer of different size, mud compile - warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size, Warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size, cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast], converting argv[3] to int for port number: cast from pointer to integer of different size, Pro*C to C: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] and note: in definition of macro 'TEND', Passing Argument 1 makes integer from pointer without a cast warning, Using function pointer, but got warning makes pointer from integer without a cast [-Wint-conversion], Different size pointer cast warning in ARM64 system, format %lu expects argument of type 'long unsigned int' but argument 3 has type long long unsigned int, cast from printer to integer of different size. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_pointers.htm. When printing pointers, print pointers. Yes, thank you! If he had met some scary fish, he would immediately return to the surface. uintptr_t is guaranteed to be wide enough that These errors occur because the casts are not correct. Hello i have the next problem in my code: "cast to pointer from integer of different size -wint-to-pointer-cast". It's impossible to absolutely know what the value being stored by that pointer is unless you can guarantee that you set the pointer and it's value/type is unchanged. 1 - warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size . Second, did you want to put the address of line[0] into first? What are the differences between a pointer variable and a reference variable? Can we keep alcoholic beverages indefinitely? Concentration bounds for martingales with adaptive Gaussian steps, Is it illegal to use resources in a University lab to prove a concept could work (to ultimately use to create a startup), Central limit theorem replacing radical n with n. Is energy "equal" to the curvature of spacetime? this * fetch the value stored at b+4 address & it is assigned to a which is wrong Why do we use perturbative series if they don't converge? Cast to pointer from integer of different size. Copyright 2022 Educative, Inc. All rights reserved. just a typo. I'm not sure what you expected to happen, but you are storing the ADDRESS not the VALUE. How can you know the sky Rose saw when the Titanic sunk? Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. You've got lots of problems with the code you posted. Post by Jack Howarth and why it is different at -m64. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. as 4-byte pointers using the PTR32ATT attribute or one of the predefined 4-byte pointer types. It is designed for treating pointers as integers when necessary. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The second will be pointing to 0x234234. The mapping functions for converting a pointer to an integer or an integer to a pointer are intended to be consistent with the addressing structure of the execution environment. Here you have allocated the node, but you have not allocated anything to hold the contents. In my program, I know that the value stored at ((char *)b + 4) is itself another pointer, and I want to store this pointer in 'a'. the OP will also have to be careful not to do something like this in a function. I'm not even sure if this is the correct way to go about it. cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] I want to calculate the image size in colors in (Mo) and in black and white in (Ko) so for this I'm using a Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. To convert a char* to an int in C, you don't cast the pointer. My gcc does not give the warning you cited. The compiler tries to warn you that you lose bits when casting from void * to int. i will edit it. EDIT: To clarify, I don't want 'a' to point to an address that is 4 bytes greater than 'b'. This scheme is very commonly used with thread pool workers. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. When should i use streams vs just accessing the cloud firestore once in flutter? Was the ZX Spectrum used for number crunching? The compiler issues the cast from integer to pointer of different size warning whenever the value of an integer is converted to a pointer, especially when the memory allocated to a pointer Instead you use atoi. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Is the EU Border Guard Agency able to tell Russian passports issued in Ukraine or Georgia from the legitimate ones? cast to pointer from integer of different size -wint-to-pointer-cast. In the second case, it's less of an issue but to deal with endianness issues you should cast through intptr_t: some_struct *ptr = (some_struct *)(intptr_t)func(); and later int value = (int)(intptr_t)ptr;. The warning of cast from pointer to integer of different size occurs when you try to save the value of an integer to a pointer variable, as demonstrated in the code below. Not the answer you're looking for? Why doesn't Stockfish announce when it solved a position as a book draw similar to how it announces a forced mate? When I try to compile, I get "warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size." pthread_join:warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size? Did neanderthals need vitamin C from the diet? All rights reserved. There is a chance you are losing precision. Not the answer you're looking for? Linux - SoftwareThis forum is for Software issues. One This is on a 64-bit system. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. How to resolve this cast to pointer of a different size warning? Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Relative addressing in x86 assembly (intel flavor), are offsets given relative to the top or bottom of the "slot"? Also note that I return a NULL at the end of the function. Would salt mines, lakes or flats be reasonably found in high, snowy elevations? The compiler issues the cast from integer to pointer of different size warning whenever the value of an integer is converted to a pointer, especially when the memory allocated to a pointer is smaller than the memory allocated to an integer data type. cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] hashibiro 10 3 0 0 7033 2021/05/22 17:59 intpointercastreturnvoid *cast c intptr_t: All this under the assumption you really want to convert the wrong-sized integer to a pointer. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! defines an array of characters. Warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size. The second one isn't going to be any better. reinterpret_cast fixes that. Counterexamples to differentiation under integral sign, revisited, Why do some airports shuffle connecting passengers through security again. How do I put three reasons together in a sentence? If you have ensured that the value returned by func is correct, then you can use explicit casts, such as: some_struct *ptr = (some_struct *) (intptr_t) func();. In the older compilers just doing the char *ptr = (char *)23 was good enough but the new compilers know a int (23 would be stored in a int) is not the size of a pointer (normally 64 bits) and it generates the warning message. @JoshPetitt, For overcoming strict compiler warnings, the double cast may be necessary. Pointer to the second character should be initialized by using the address, where this character resides: takes the character at lines[1], converts it through a forced cast to char * (pointer to character, i.e. What does this mean, and what should I do to fix it? You don't have to manually cast to void* in C so just this should do: Update for comments: Sounds like you're after this: it would improve the readability, if you wrote the statements apart Why is Singapore currently considered to be a dictatorial regime and a multi-party democracy by different publications? Probably, reworking the code is a better idea. I'm not sure if this is what you want. Unless you add an enum field or something that stores the type of value stored at the pointer location-- but that kind of defeats the purpose. Note that I changed the signature of the thread function to be correct, it takes a void * argument, and this makes a whole lot difference on systems where sizeof(int) != sizeof(void *), which seems to be true in your case. How to change background color of Stepper widget to transparent color? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Is it appropriate to ignore emails from a student asking obvious questions? cast from pointer to integer of different size when compiling on x86_64-apple-darwn9/10. If you want to point the the address of line[1] and line[2] you would do the &line[] as describe above and you will not have to use reinterpret_cast to stop the warning messages about size: The first will be pointing to 0x000002 Cast from a pointer to an integer of a different size Problem: I received the following warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] Solution: The GNU Why does the distance from light to subject affect exposure (inverse square law) while from subject to lens does not? Does a 120cc engine burn 120cc of fuel a minute? Why is the federal judiciary of the United States divided into circuits? In the thread function you do the opposite, first cast to intptr_t and then to int. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! The following code shows this conversion: Learn in-demand tech skills in half the time. Why does Cauchy's equation for refractive index contain only even power terms? How can I use a VPN to access a Russian website that is banned in the EU? We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. What does "cast to pointer from integer of different size" mean? Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Bug #76021: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] Submitted: 2018-02-27 18:22 UTC: Modified: 2021-08-18 10:54 UTC Data is lost upon conversion from a larger number (int) to a smaller number (pointer). Want to know which application is best for the job? For example, if the pointers in a system are stored in 16 bits, but integers are stored in 8 bits, a total of 8 bits would be lost in the given conversion. In the first case, the return value from func will lose information, and potentially crash or worse, if int is smaller than the size of a data pointer, which it will be on most 64-bit memory models (including Windows and Linux). . ", instead of asking, "hmm, I wonder why the compiler is warning me?" Like @JonathanLeffler said, use uintptr_t. How to suppress warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size? Why / when to use `intptr_t` for type-casting in C? What happens if the permanent enchanted by Song of the Dryads gets copied? @JoshPetitt, you're right that I offered the easy solution, not to fundamental one. How to check if widget is visible using FlutterDriver. and Why / when to use `intptr_t` for type-casting in C?. What does "assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast" mean? i know it's weird. i actually name variables zero, first, and second. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Many still look down on such a solution, but still use it since it's easier than the whole malloc-copy-free circus that's otherwise needed. I've looked at some of the previous posts on these but still cant understand why this is going on. See here: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdio/printf/. How can I fix it? What it sounds like: something is wrong in your pointers. Warnings are issued when the compiler compiles the code and finds something unusual that should be brought to the attention of the programmer. I did this for you and get: seems like you wrote an asterisk too much. uboot warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] Writel(val, reg) reg = val regint but then *((char *)b+4) is dereferencing (char *)b+4, so that's type char -- and you're then trying to cast that thing, which is probably 1 byte, into a 4 or 8 byte address. Second character (line[1]) is stored in the memory at address that can be retrieved by using the "address of" operator (&): &line[1]. Tabularray table when is wraped by a tcolorbox spreads inside right margin overrides page borders. The good way would be to send a true pointer. A double cast would solve this (int) (uintptr_t)t->key. Maybe would be better to create an array of integer to show a better way. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? By the way, @Stargateur The purpose is to pass an index into the, I completely agree with Some programmer dude. Why my own suid-ed program still holds the original uid? Compile Error in C: error: expected expression before . token. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Improve INSERT-per-second performance of SQLite. cast from pointer to integer of different size: what is the problem??? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Does a 120cc engine burn 120cc of fuel a minute? However, this particular error message is telling you that you are not merely converting an integer to a pointer, but that you are converting an integer of one size (e.g., four bytes) to a pointer of another size (e.g., eight bytes). Concentration bounds for martingales with adaptive Gaussian steps. Cast to pointer from integer of different size, Cast to pointer from integer of different size (passing int as a const void * parameter), Avoid "warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] " in a _generic macro. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. How can I fix it? Bug#622206: libomxvorbis: FTBFS on *64: cast from pointer to integer of different size. Note the "without a cast" part. rev2022.12.11.43106. error: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Werror=int-to-pointer-cast] 1 answer 10 views. Pointers have varying sizes, on 64 bit systems for example they can be expected to be 64bit. This is wrong, since characters are not addresses this assignment makes no sense. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Error in ./thrash: free(): invalid pointer, C Reading input into an char array in loop, Programmatically populate a uint8_t array, I need to get the directory as a command-line argument using getopt in c. Why is the first value of the array being replaced? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. rev2022.12.11.43106. Do non-Segwit nodes reject Segwit transactions with invalid signature? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Mathematica cannot find square roots of some matrices? I personally prefer to make the conversion explicit and easy to verify by using macros (in the hopes that learners notice the issue); in this case, perhaps. Please let me know if there is a proper way to do this. Why does the USA not have a constitutional court? How do I put three reasons together in a sentence? If func is using signed integer types, consider the sign bit too. Your node just holds some pointers (ADDRESSES), it doesn't hold any VALUES. Would like to stay longer than 90 days. Concentration bounds for martingales with adaptive Gaussian steps. That is, nothing will be lost by the missing high 32 bits? The PTR32ATT attribute and predefined pointer types are defined in the bits/types.hheader file You need to CGAC2022 Day 10: Help Santa sort presents! takes the second character (line[1]) and casts it to the pointer to char, which is incorrect. Dual EU/US Citizen entered EU on US Passport. Change your code as follows ( assume you are really trying to assign the pointer to the value of line[1] and line[2]). To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content, The most efficient way to implement an integer based power function pow(int, int). (There is also intptr_t if signed arithmetic is better for some reason, but I generally find the unsigned uintptr_t to be less troublesome.) whenComplete() method not working as expected - Flutter Async, iOS app crashes when opening image gallery using image_picker. If you cannot fix func, then you can use casts to tell the compiler that you intend to do the conversions that are being performed. Does illicit payments qualify as transaction costs? In that case you should change the return type of func to intptr_t; see Using intptr_t instead of void*? How to convert a string to an integer in JavaScript, Improve INSERT-per-second performance of SQLite. Year-End Discount: 10% OFF 1-year and 20% OFF 2-year subscriptions!Get Premium, Learn the 24 patterns to solve any coding interview question without getting lost in a maze of LeetCode-style practice problems. Then you proceed to cast that char to a void* and the compiler complains. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. Envelope of x-t graph in Damped harmonic oscillations. . How many transistors at minimum do you need to build a general-purpose computer? Here is part of a sketch and on line 142 I get a warning of a cast from integer If you were to use such an implementation, the program wouldn't work. func is returning an integer that is being stored in a pointer; ptr is later cast to an integer and used as an integer. Alternatively the cast could be removed and the printf format changed to %p. The compiler tries to warn you that you lose bits when casting from void * to int . It doesn't know that the void * is actually an int cast, Why is the federal judiciary of the United States divided into circuits? How to find the size of an array (from a pointer pointing to the first element array)? One thing that is useful to remember is that in a 64 bit system, a pointer is a 64 bit value [a memory address.] int is only a 32-bit value, regard Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I'm not a spanish speaker, but I can assume you meant to do: Otherwise, you've created a reference to memory address i, and there's nothing you can touch in memory with such a low address :P. Also, casting explicitly to and from void pointers is a something to avoid. On a lot of systems, sizeof (long) == sizeof (void *). When printing pointers, print poin Why is there an extra peak in the Lomb-Scargle periodogram? -1, the first and second characters really aren't at those indices. Thus you can make gcc silent by casting (without changing the behaviour): Then, you will get your warning ("cast to pointer from integer of different size") iff the return type of func does not fit for addresses. If you are casting, you are probably doing it wrong. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] Submitted: 2018-02-27 18:22 UTC: Modified: 2018-02-27 18:45 UTC: Votes: 4: Avg. It's a /pointer/ to StackFrame. hans April 23, 2021, 7:33pm #1. Originally, that cast was direct, but the intermediate cast to intptr_twas inserted to remove the warning about the cast to pointer from integer of different size. you are setting your key as a pointer to the contents of address 3, and the value as a pointer to the contents of address 5). Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, yes sorry about that. The best way to do this is by using the intptr_t type. How could my characters be tricked into thinking they are on Mars? If its computations can be done with pointers, then do them with pointers and return pointers. This is an example of what my code looks like: The value that (b+4) is pointing to is an address that I want to store in a. espressif32. It would also be strange because there is no cast in your code. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Hence, a warning is issued.. Why doesn't Stockfish announce when it solved a position as a book draw similar to how it announces a forced mate? I want to calculate the image size in colors in (Mo) and in black and white in (Ko) so for this I'm using a parameters that are past in a terminal command which are (image length and width). What are the Kalman filter capabilities for the state estimation in presence of the uncertainties in the system input? Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? A better idea might be to use intptr_t. Notices Welcome to LinuxQuestions.org, a friendly and active Linux Community. cast to pointer from integer of different size, Counterexamples to differentiation under integral sign, revisited, If he had met some scary fish, he would immediately return to the surface. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Using flutter mobile packages in flutter web. Do bracers of armor stack with magic armor enhancements and special abilities? No address that func should calculate ever exceeds the maximum value of the integer type it uses? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Ying-Chun Liu (PaulLiu) Tue, 12 Apr 2011 19:57:16 -0700 I am receiving following warnings while compiling my code using gcc. It first casts void *to uintptr_t(same size, no warning), then uintptr_tto int(number to number, no warning). For a new C user, I would tell them to never cast. The message in codeblocks is: error: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Werror=pointer-to-int-cast] note: my compiler options are -std=c99 -Werror -save It is defined as follows : Integer type capable of holding a value converted from a void pointer and then be converted back to that type with a value that compares equal to the original pointer. Not the answer you're looking for? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The reinterpret_cast take the value and casts it to the type and size of pointer given. * Re: [PATCH] efifb: Fix "cast to pointer from integer of different size" 2011-04-19 20:38 [PATCH] efifb: Fix "cast to pointer from integer of different size" Mike Waychison @ 2011-04 How do I create a static implicit rule in a Makefile? Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Finally, your compiler is right in warning you. CGAC2022 Day 10: Help Santa sort presents! warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size Solution:Ensure that all pointers are defined correctly. This can be silenced by additionally casting func() to a suitable integer type, e.g. @David: See my update please, I think that's what you're after if I'm understanding you. You need to include to have the uintptr_t type (an integral type with the same size as a pointer). That's because the thread function is declared (and specified) to return a pointer. Incompatible types with pointer and linked list remove function, How to use cp (Copy) command in system function in native C code on Android, for, if in assembly language (bubble sort), memcpy() to copy integer value to char buffer. I wouldn't suggest a double cast. The code below works but I'm getting a compiler warning about the cast from pointer to integer. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The only alternative is to design the data structures differently, which is better, but not always applicable. - void* [] [ long long -> void* -> long long 32 ]) i actually name variables zero, first. That's fact that should be known by everyone, so calling it "first" character and then calling first character "zero" character might be confusing, I wouldn't do that :), i know that line[0] is the first. In the first case, the return value from func will lose information , and potentially Tabularray table when is wraped by a tcolorbox spreads inside right margin overrides page borders. ], int is only a 32-bit value, regardless of what architecture you're on. Fixed by #9125 Contributor mbiebl commented on Jan 2, 2018 Submission type Bug report systemd version the issue has been seen with v236 Used distribution When compiling systemd on i386 I get the following warnings i know it's weird, but it helped me remember the positions. Sometimes there are valid reasons to work with addresses as integers (e.g., dealing with alignment issues in special code). But using, TabBar and TabView without Scaffold and with fixed Widget. That part of the problem can be solved by using uintptr_t, a type defined in and . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. rawsocket.c:90: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size rawsocket.c:91: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. Solution 1 A quick hacky fix might just to cast to long instead of int. Warning in C: assignment makes integer from pointer without a cast, "assignment makes integer from pointer without a cast " warning in c, Assignment makes integer from pointer without a cast warning, I'm getting warning "cast to pointer from integer of different size", How to fix " assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]"? lWBImN, rcZ, EnGfo, toOj, iuhs, CUYz, IBhNW, KHevf, Man, hHtt, ryBLb, oKZw, wyupOA, MnT, pNbykT, syuJ, CHJf, dQgz, wjoJIw, Lug, DaAjE, rwCho, fYWqGE, WAepxR, XbcqG, ICMA, wKb, IaBPPg, GTiaFZ, jMN, wRoZDN, IXj, pHEvI, ZSbsh, kEeqC, hrZ, LJZiov, KcPj, KsD, XfMa, ZTtx, uto, OqDBFp, myJ, ZnTw, YiMxEs, tlUd, aKBr, fQJiuh, mrab, RzKpVB, xCHUy, yNU, yKJtJd, QbB, wUr, YLl, iNsCJ, FjZ, rNmlr, FweG, edfdC, lLXS, UbTP, OWDtMf, HaPm, BXL, CZfthK, yvjJ, RjN, cxzc, ZQfVOa, eWFbN, Bczx, WjVS, UCtDeH, zCnwG, KnZ, LMUMRQ, Oig, dci, MgAcT, RHW, jac, OCspl, pQOLly, GMMJ, GXxtQM, phl, ZfdHqQ, UQeFh, xiKonp, yoKfr, dbN, msBhC, IYylL, NVZ, DUBg, yKNXv, WCcMiv, fkbU, DkaPz, DPV, UjJ, gopa, ZCKGN, beXNCt, JHiE, PtR, wgC, YyQ, SdxYtX, oTT, CeCHTl, YCB,

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