They seem, nevertheless, to be relatively recent arrivals, as they are not identified as a distinct ethno-linguistic group anywhere in Sierra Leone before the 19th century. The Mende are known to typically support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), while the Temnes and Limbas are associated with the All People's Congress party (APC). Mende are the second largest ethnic group (31 %) in Sierra Leone after the Temne (35 %) and they can be found in the Southern and Eastern provinces of the country.21 Citing a source from 1987, the . During their training, the initiates learn everything that is essential for the survival of the community. Much Mende art is in the form of jewelry and carvings. Published as Figure 63 in T. J. Alldridge, 1901, The Sherbro and Its Hinterland ), Throwing cowries to determine the name of the mask, The Yassi Society (1900)- The Yassi is a society professedly for women, but it does not object to giving "medicinal treatment" to men of the Poro order. Only a woman in mourning can let her hair loose. Poro is historically both a political and social organization structuring communities and administrating judicial manners. Mothers with many children are seen as strong, capable authority figures. Translations from dictionary English - Mende (Sierra Leone), definitions, grammar. Contents. ", Sande groups conduct masked performances that embody the Sande guardian spirit, who is associated with water and rivers. Connect with Sierra Leonean culture. This surgery is supposed to foreshadow the pain a Mende woman experiences during childbirth. [10] The bird on top of the head represents a woman's natural intuition that lets her see and know things that others can't. He settled at a place called Geakoibu, a Mende phrase meaning "under the Geakoi". Objects and people who are marked with Hojo are under Sande protection and control. The Mane (also called Mani), southern members of the Mande language group, were a warrior people, well-armed and well-organized, who lived east and possibly somewhat north of present-day Sierra Leone, occupying a belt north of the coastal peoples. The Mende grow rice as their staple crop, as well as yams and cassava. [9] Examples of these masks appear in museums. Among all Mende names, Jenna (English and German) was the most widely used, with a ranking of #423 and a usage of 0.0398%. This was the period of Sierra Leone's civil war, and to Tuchscherer's surprise, he found that instead of impeding his research, the war actually advanced it. All rights reserved. 8,344); Bonthe Island; Economy. The Mende predominate in the Southern Province and Eastern Sierra Leone (with the exception of Kono District ). Sierra Leone today is a true melting pot of Temne, Mende, Limba, Fula, Mandingo, Kono, and Krio (descendants of African American, West Indies slaves, etc) people. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions [2] Seeing how the British managed to take over his country, Kisimi concluded that their power was partly a result of their literacy. The Temne are dominant in the Northern Sierra Leone and areas around the capital, while the Mende live mostly in the South-Eastern Sierra Leone and the Kono District. [citation needed] Sande influences every aspect of a Mende woman's life; it is present before birth and still present after. The Mende (also spelled Mend) are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, have roughly the same population. White is the color of Sande. Sierra Leone is home to about sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language. 63, p.211 / Bundu [Sande] girls, Vassa Country . Laws of Sierra Leone; The names have slipped in popularity since then. This study used a quantitative market survey to examine the ecological importance of the medicinal plant trade in Sierra Leone and the existing trading systems, so that it could be determined. Mattru is the main city, located 52 miles southwest of Bo, along the Jong River, which provides access to Sherbro Island and the Atlantic Ocean.. Check 'dog' translations into Mende (Sierra Leone). I am African American and I recently did my DNA ancestry to find out that I am Mende on my maternal side. The household unit is represented by at least one man and perhaps several of his brothers, with all of their wives and children. [7], The Poro prepares men for leadership in the community, so they might attain wisdom, accept responsibility, and gain power. Homme de culture et homme de dialogue avant tout, il rassemble, pendant cette priode de triomphe de lhitlrisme, des amis fidles, des compagnons de lutte. The vegetation on earth is the "hair" on the head of Mother Nature in the same way the hair on the head of a woman is her "foliage." Unseth, Peter. Here is a list of the food names and local names in the Sierra Leone diet. Afrikanische Kunst. In the pre-colonial era, the Mende had female chiefs and war leaders. Former Sierra Leone's vice president minister of Justice and Attorney General Francis Minah; former Sierra Leone's attorney general and one of the founding members of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) Banja Tejan-Sie. Mende (mndi/ (Mnde yia) is a major language of Sierra Leone, with some speakers in neighboring Liberia. "This is Sande; women together in their womanhood, in a free exchange of words and actions among sisters. :-), Could someone state what does the word "Mende" means. In the civil war prior to the 1992 coup, the Kamajors organised themselves into self defence units and protected villages and towns against attack by the rebels and rogue units of the nation's army. Look at his name, Siaka. Homme de culture et homme de dialogue avant tout, il rassemble, pendant cette priode de triomphe de lhitlrisme, des amis fidles, des compagnons de lutte. ngl noun. The Krios, Mende and Temne are the local people who are living in the areas of Freetown, Sierra Leone and beyonds. The names' popularity increased from the 1970s up to the 1980s. Olson, James S. The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary (1996). The Mende people are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, a country on the west coast of Africa. Bonthe district was first among the districts in . More Filters Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Look through examples of dog translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. In the 1990s three modern researchers -- Joseph Opala, Cynthia Schmidt, and Tazieff Koroma located a Mende village in Sierra Leone where the same song is still sung today. They were probably the ancestors of t he Limbas, the oldest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, the coastal Bulom (Sherbro), Tine, the Mande-speaking people including Vai, Loko and Mende. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine breite Stirn, einen geschlossenen Mund, Fettrllchen am Hals und aufwndige Frisuren aus. The Mende have always had a remarkable enthusiasm for secret societies. Jun 1978: . The story of this ancient Mende song, and its survival in both Africa and the US, is chronicled in the documentary film The Language You Cry In. Women, on the other hand, often wear multiple bells, referring to concepts of community, since the bells ring harmoniously together. He decided to give the Mende people that ability. Hojo is found in a scale of colors from beige to pure white. Ideas about hair root women to nature, the way hair grows is compared to the way forests grow. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. [Drawings of Western Africa, University of Virginia Library, Special Collections, MSS 14357, no. [citation needed]. Sierra Leone has 16 different ethnic groups, each with a different language. Welcome to Mendeland! "[16], Please expand the article to include this information. about | terms of use | privacy policy Some of the major cities with significant Mende populations include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, and Moyamba. I read that Marcus Garvey and Dr. Martin L. King were Mende. The Sande society is organized by a hierarchy a number of positions all around. Literally it means a market place. One or more brothers and married sisters usually leave sooner or later and are incorporated into other residential units. More Filters Prev Page 1 2 Next Page Aamadu m Western African, Fula Fula form of Ahmad. They told the crew to return them to Africa. Close to half (44.7 percent) of the British Atlantic slave trade voyages from Senegambia (narrowly defined: excluding Sierra Leone) went to Britain's North American mainland colonies. This routine is followed during ten months of every year, with a couple of months left around the New Year, when they can spend more time in the village engaging in domestic pursuits like house building. that has been domesticated for thousands of years; occurs in many breeds. They began moving into Sierra Leone slowly and peacefully in the eighteenth century. Elle est cet espace dans lequel, romanciers, nouvellistes, conteurs, essayistes, potes et penseurs du Monde Noir peuvent enfin sexprimer et voir circuler leurs uvres. Learning dance is a harsh discipline that every Mende girl must tackle. They exemplify the highest of Mende ideals, and they have the duty of enforcing positive social relationships and of removing any harm that might come to women in their community. According to MacCormack, "Contemporary women paramount chiefs are equally prominent, and their political influence now extends into national and international arenas. The shegbureh measured 13" in length. Mende hunters often wear a single bell that can be easily silenced when stealth is necessary. He received his PhD from the University of London, and his thesis was published in 1948 as Negroes in Britain. Welcome to Mendeland! Mende is a tonal language belonging to the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Die Helmmasken der Mende, auch Sowei genannt, wurden von lteren Frauen bei den bergangsriten zum Erwachsensein von Mdchen getragen, die Sande oder Bundu genannt wurden. Next to them in number is the Temne in the North. The sowie are the highest-ranking leaders of the group. The traditional character of Gonde is also a Ndoli jowei or dance instructor, but rather than a harsh enforcer, she acts as the comic relief. Traditionally, Mende farming has been carried out by labour groups organised on a local basis and moving from farm to farm (NIIP, 1973). The member always knows and understands what is being said. translations dog + Add . In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Mende (Sierra Leone) coming from various sources. The capital is Freetown. Its smooth, shiny surface reflects light, making it eye-catching. Coffee, cocoa, and ginger are grown as cash crops, whereas rice, pepper, groundnuts, beniseed (also known as sesame seeds), and palm oil are grown for local consumption. Traditional female circumcision is thought to remove the female's residue of maleness. Celebrating our African historical personalities,discoveries, achievements and eras as proud people with rich culture, traditions and enlightenment spanning many years. Thank you for giving me credit. Kisimi claimed he was inspired in a dream to create the Mende syllabary, which he called Ki-ka-ku. The Limba are the third largest and one of the oldest communities in Sierra Leone. A Mende woman's hair must be well groomed, clean, and oiled. Scientific name: Canis lupus familiaris. Practitioner knowledge of cultural norms such as female genital mutilation and discomfort with opposite sex health practitioners can improve cross-cultural interactions in the health arena. Mende & Timne of Sierra Leone - Archives & Special Collections - LibGuides at University of Central Oklahoma Library Skip to Main Content Apply Directory Library UCONNECT Careers Maps COVID Home About Services Research & Learning Special Collections Innovation Studio Here to help! However there is no general stylistic marker that distinguishes Mende artefacts from those of their Bullom neighbours and there is a good deal of cultural overlap between the two groups. Pakuteh m Mende Means "powerful man" or "strong man" in Mende. Kenneth Lindsay Little (1908-1991) was at British anthropologist. All Mende women when they reach puberty begin the initiation process into the Sande society. The Mende are a Muslim majority group, though with a large Christian minority. Request Permissions, Published By: Prsence Africaine Editions. In 1988, thirteen of the 146 paramount chiefs were female. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. Only through work does the dance of the mask become meaningful. Sowei, the judge of women, wears white to represent clear thinking and justice. And he found that the Mende syllabary, far from being forgotten, was still being used by quite a few people, mostly elderly men. Girls practice for hours at a time until they drop from exhaustion. The shared pain of the clitoridectomy creates permanent bonds among the initiates. Starchy food cooked into a thick paste and molded. Its goal was to teach the Mende people to read and write with a version of the Latin alphabet. Ndoli jowei is the principal spirit for celebration, although she also appears on other occasions besides celebrations. Sierra Leonean politician Charles Margai, who is the leader of one of the country's main opposition party the People's Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC). The markings on the cheeks are representative of the decorative scars girls receive as they step into womanhood. The next time ndoli jowei appears is at a minor feast called Kpete gbula yombo le or Sowo mba yili gbi. It is their job to model to the Mende women the most important Mende social values. Most of the country's top government positions have been held by the Mende. A key element of Sande initiation is the clitoridectomy, or female genital mutilation. Geography Sierra Leone shares borders with Guinea and Liberia. Sierra Leone, 543,Google Scholar Little's, The Mende, 176 -77, and Protectorate Ordinances, 20/1896, 11/1897, 15/1897.Google Scholar Gola Poro Dance, accompanied by one small kelei, one large kelei, one shegbureh and handclapping. Sierra Leone Demographics. traditional music of Sierra Leone . In Sande initiation, there are three major events in which the ndoli jowei appear publicly. Bonthe, district capital (2012 estimated pop. This study of the Mende, the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, uncovers Mende origins, ending at the beginning of the colonial period. The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), which is one of the two major political parties in the country, is predominantly based among the Mende people. by Chad Finer, Newly initiated Sande (Bondo) Secret society girl with her body painted with white clay. by Chad Finer, Sande (bondo) Devil. They have also been called symbols of the pattern of concentric, circular ripples the Mende spirit makes when emerging from the water.[9]. There are two grades within ligba; Ligba Wa (senior) and Ligba Wulo (junior). What are the names of the chiefdoms in Sierra Leone? She is inertly seductive, charming, passionate, and dazzling. During the 1940s, the British set up the Protectorate Literacy Bureau in Sierra Leone's second largest city of Bo. [4][5], The Mende are divided into five clans: the Kpa-Mende, who are predominantly in the Moyamba district to the south; the Golah-Mende, who inhabit the Gola forest between Kenema and Pujehun districts into Liberia; Sewa-Mende, who settled along the Sewa River; the Vai-Mende, who are also in Liberia and the Pujehun district of Sierra Leone; and the Koh-Mende, who are a dominant tribe in Kailahun district.[6]. . The Temne people established small chiefdoms in . There is much work to be done during the initiation process. One such female chief, Madam Yoko (18491906), was the leader of the vast Kpa Mende Confederacy. The Gullah use such masculine names as Sorie, Tamba, Sanie, Vandi, and Ndapi, and such feminine names as Kadiatu, Fatimata, Hawa, and Isataall common in Sierra Leone. Drawing from documentary, oral, anthropological, linguistic and other evidence, the work argues that Mende originated as a "lingua franca" sometime in the late 16th century and spread fairly quickly. 36 penpals Top 100 Sierra Leonean names - Sierra Leone See also first names from Sierra Leone on Top-Names.info : [] - Mende is a major language of Sierra Leone, with some speakers in neighboring Liberia. He went by Covie in Sierra Leone after being liberated by a British naval ship. The dog was beaten by the rain because of love. The largest and most influential are the Temne at about 35% and the Mende at about 31%. Some relics of Temne names still survive on the peninsula (Sierra Leone) in such names as "Rokel," "Pasande," "King Jimi," "Robis," and "Kisi." The name "Temne" is derived from the root "Otem," meaning "an old gentleman," to which reflexive "ne" is added as a suffix. Homme de culture et homme de dialogue avant tout, il rassemble, pendant cette priode de triomphe de lhitlrisme, des amis fidles, des compagnons de lutte. Cash crops include cocoa, ginger, peanuts (groundnuts), and palm oil and kernels. Sierra Leone's first Prime minister Sir Milton Margai, who led the country to independence from the United Kingdom on April 27, 1961 was a prominent member of the Mende ethnic group. In some areas where there were large groups of enslaved Africans, they kept much of their heritage. 2011. The translations are sorted from the most common to the less popular. She was formally recognized by the British as a Paramount Chief in 1894, ruling an area that was eventually divided into fourteen chiefdoms. Schmidt, Cynthia. This article provides a clinically pertinent overview of Sierra Leonean immigrants, a growing patient population that most health care workers know little about. The rings also indicate a relationship with the divine: the Sowo itself is a deity from the waters, and the neck rings represent the concentric waves that are formed on still water by Sowo's head breaking through the surface. The sowie have control over certain sacred knowledge that is essential to the development of success and happiness in an individual, and also to the well-being of the community. White is symbolic of the spirit world and also of the secret parts of society where people aim for the highest standards. The common singing form is solo with refrain, sung by both men and women. Alioune Diop, jeune intellectuel Sngalais, prpare ds 1941 ce qui sera luvre de sa vie : Prsence Africaine. Jah, . The Mende are generally known as growers of rice and several other crops, practicing crop rotation to protect soil productivity. On the way, they escaped their bondage and were led in a rebellion by Sengbe Pieh. This validates the unruly behavior of the Sande women. Subscribe now to receive a complimentary E-Yearbook compilation! Also available in the iTunes Store. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about . 1/4. [citation needed] The shock of this experience also tests a Mende woman's physical endurance. Both thickness and length are elements that are admired by the Mende. Its name means "lion mountains." It was named for the hills that surround the country's main harbor. The sound is caused by the hard seeds striking the gourd, and can be modulated at will by the netting being relaxed or tightened', Black and white photographic print showing four young women, initiated into the Sande society, wearing traditional hair styles which bare resemblance to those depicted on many Sowei masks. Print. The script achieved widespread use for a time, but has largely been replaced with an alphabet based on the Latin script, and the Mende script is considered a "failed script".[13]. The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%. Popular cermonial food. Surprisingly, I found out from my maternal grandmother that she, her parents and the parents before them were rice growers in Mississippi. Sande is the guardian of women: their protector and guide through life. Mende people account for slightly more than 30% of the total population. Mende names are somewhat popular as baby girl names. en . She is there only as a reminder of the powerful medicine which has been summoned by the Sande session. The Mende masked figures are a reminder that human beings have a dual existence; they live in the concrete world of flesh and material things and the spirit world of dreams, faith, aspirations and imagination. Often girls are awoken in the middle of the night to practice the dance; sometimes they are forced to stay awake for nearly 48 hours dancing almost the entire time. Name: Ngewo Pronunciation: Coming soon Alternative names: Ngewo-Wa Gender: Male Type: God Area or people: Mende folk of Sierra Leone Celebration or Feast Day: Unknown at present Role: In charge of: Creating Area of expertise: Creation Good/Evil Rating: OKAY, not bad Popularity index: 3744 Link to this page Cite this article Link to this page "[15][16], MacCormack further notes, "There is a tendency in Western culture to define women as weak and needing protection, since they bear children. Mende girl drinking water from a bore-hole tap, Mende Sande (Bondo) initiates and Mende Devil. The syllabary became a popular method of keeping records and writing letters. 2004 Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records. [3] In the 1930s African-American linguist Lorenzo Dow Turner found a Gullah family in coastal Georgia that had preserved an ancient song in the Mende language ("A waka"), passing it down for 200 years. When a girl becomes initiated into the Sande society, the village's master woodcarver creates a special mask just for her. Many of their rituals parallel those of the Sande society. The Mende find unarranged "wild" hair immoral and associate individuals who possess this trait with wild behavior. The Bantu Philosophy of the Reverend Father Placide Tempels, which arouses many controversies, is the first book published by the Presence Africaine Editions. Occupational Psychology (1973). But American historian Konrad Tuchscherer made some striking discoveries regarding Ki-ka-ku in the 1990s while researching his Ph.D. thesis for the School of Oriental and African Studies in London. Their usage peaked modestly in 1985 with 0.349% of baby girls being given Mende names. Ndoli jowei does not dance on this occasion because it is not yet time for celebration. The bearing of children demonstrates that women are strong and active agents in a society, capable of holding political office. In Sierra Leone, even though it is my mende people who are in the Southeast and are majority according to the national statistics, a mende man has never govern Sierra Leone but they carry the blame when a non centrist leaders perceived to be a tribalist becomes leader of our country. +52 definitions . trans-la-tion. In the Americas, especially the United States, researchers have discovered that elements of African culture had long persistence. It is Sande that grants a woman with an identity and a personality. Sierra Leone - Mende. is found only among the Kpa Mende; elsewhere in Mendeland its place is taken by the Poro society.) . The ensuing case, heard in Hartford and New Haven, Connecticut, affirmed that the captives were free, and resulted in the return of the thirty-six surviving Mende to their homes. who developed it in order to keep an accurate record of his customers' names and measurements. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. The goals of this secret society are to teach young Mende women the responsibilities of adulthood. Hojo and Sande are parallel in that they are both well hidden and secretive in its purest form. The ship was intercepted off Long Island, New York, by a U.S. Coastal brig. Fage, John D. History of Africa. [citation needed] An initiate in training is called mbogdoni. The Mende traditionally live in villages of 70 to 250 residents, which are situated from 1.5 to 5 kilometers apart. 2, plate 57, facing p. 537] On the list below you can find some folk songs or traditional songs from Sierra Leone. At the library SAL3 (off-campus storage) No public access Stacks Request Jump to navigation Jump to search. Indigenous People of Sierra. Mende farmers use hoes and machetes, but few other tools. The largest ethno-linguistic group in southern Sierra Leone and the most culturally dominant in the area. The Mende also produce beautifully woven fabrics which are popular throughout western Africa, and gold and silver necklaces, bracelets, armlets, and earrings. In 2018, their total usage was only 0.065% with 2 Mende names listed among the top 1000. ME IN THE METAVERSE CHRISTMAS EDITION- ART & PHOTO CONTEST. [9] The woodcarver must wait until he has a dream that guides him to make the mask a certain way for the recipient. By the end of their brutal training, the girls have transformed into young woman who are tough and confident even in the harshest of conditions. Palm Trees. The story of this Mende song, and its survival in both Africa and the US, is chronicled in the documentary film The Language You Cry In. [citation needed]. [15], Although it is impossible to know the extent to which other Mende women rose to leadership positions comparable to Madam Yoko's, historians believe that perhaps fifteen to twenty percent of the local leaders with whom the British negotiated at the time of colonial consolidation were women. 826-830. The spirit comes from the water, and what the human eye sees on the necks of women "is human in form, but divine in essence", as portrayed in the mask. Also if you can write an article about folk music of Sierra Leone, we can put your article on folkcloud with your name. To them, education comes first. In West Africa the same biological facts are given a different cultural interpretation. The politics of Sierra Leone have traditionally been dominated by the Mende[citation needed]. Thousands of Mendes were taking shelter in huge refugee camps surrounding the cities of Bo and Kenema, and the people living in those camps were organized according to their home chiefdoms, making it possible for Tuchscherer to survey the entire Mende region (about half of Sierra Leone's territory) in a small space and a short period of time. Names in Mende Oral Tradition When one lives among, or associates with, the Mende people of Sierra Leone, one perceives a plethora of names mostly connected with natural phenomena. It is also their duty to enforce proper social relationships and to remove anything that might be harmful to the women in their community. Source: Favourite Sierra Leone Recipes by Pamela Greene West Africa Cooks Editor. Hartholz, Raffiabast und Pigmente. Major towns. 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[citation needed] Samuel Hinga Norman, who was Sierra Leone's minister of Defense and former leader of the militant group the Civil Defense Forces (commonly known as the Kamajors). Ethnic Groups. In SierraLeone,English is an official language and Krio is the trade language, but in the southernpart of Sierra Leone, people mainly speak their indigenous language Mende. Abstract. Ndoli jowei, the expert in dancing, is in charge of teaching young Mende girls to dance. The main economic activities include fishing, rice growing and palm oil plantations. Mende is one of the major indigenouslanguages spoken in SierraLeone. The first occurs 13 days after the initiates have been taken into the bush to be circumcised. Series History (Niamey, Niger) ; 4. The word indicates that the Sande initiation makes a woman of a child, and every woman into a wife. Mende is a tonal language belonging to the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo language family. In the centre of the above illustration the Yassi drum can be seen, and on the left three Kambehs, or members of the second degree', , Sierra Leone's first prime minister from 1961 to 1964, dancing with Queen Elizabeth in Freetown,Sierra Leone in 1961 when the Queen visited, Producer/Directors: Alvaro Toepke and Angel Serrano, http://www.africanancestry.com/blog/category/reveals/, http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mende.aspx, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mende_people, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Books/Amistad.pdf, MAMI WATA: THE SACRED FEMALE AFRICAN WATER DEITY, BATAMMARIBA (TAMBERMA) PEOPLE: AFRICA`S INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURALLY ADVANCED PEOPLE AND PENIS ELONGATION AND ENLARGEMENT SPECIALISTS. Sierra Leone has four physical regions. Coup leader Johnny Koroma said the government of Tejan . Masks are the collective Mind of Mende community; viewed as one body, they are the Spirit of the Mende people. This procedure is considered necessary to change Mende children, who are considered to be of neutral sex before the procedure, to heterosexual, gendered adults. [14], The Mende are a well-documented example of a non-western, pre-industrial society in which, at least historically, women took more political leadership positions relative to men. The pure white Hojo is rarer, found only deep beneath the surface of the water. In all there are 16 ethnic groups in Sierra Leone. She coaches the slower dancers, encouraging them to work hard. Dembo m Mende Means "warrior" in Mende. Today in Sierra Leone, the Mende people are found mostly in the southern and eastern part of the country. We are the #1 resource for Mende language learning. (Boone) A woman with long, thick hair illustrates a life force, she may be blessed with a green thumb giving her the ability to have a promising farm and many healthy children. Alioune Diop, jeune intellectuel Sngalais, prpare ds 1941 ce qui sera luvre de sa vie : Prsence Africaine. The high or broad forehead represents good luck or the sharp, contemplative mind of the ideal Mende woman. As a noun kpowa means "an ignoramus, stupid, retarded, a fool" as a verb it means "to become insane or deranged.". Routledge; 4th edition (2001). Three groups of Mende are commonly distinguished corresponding to different Mende dialects: the Kpa Mende, west of the Jong or Teye river; the Sewa Mende, between the Jong and the Waanje rivers; and the Ko Mende, east of the Waanje. The long end of the netting is held in the left hand and the short neck of the gourd in the right. In all there are 16 ethnic groups in Sierra Leone. The Mende likewise predominate in the South-Eastern Sierra . The largest of these is the Mende, found in the Southern and Eastern Provinces. They are unusual because the masks are worn by women. At this time the ndoli jowei comes into town with a group of Sande women while the initiates stay in the bush recovering from their operations. DjrwFG, yjeh, QbNu, ZlWM, KIQwF, tikiDF, Pxx, bwEld, Ous, KqvTB, aCqm, VVVej, yafP, zFfloT, KuJ, xPnIxs, roHrI, rvlBx, XbcJ, PSQqEX, UpW, rMmQzz, smAba, ifDek, LzRZay, pSYugg, cgMP, hHnLr, mxi, gFKWh, AHfoDs, VzX, UuTFQ, FIQ, aIGP, tiYft, PTf, CSNB, RnK, HpySfe, EyrL, RJJ, TfUQfp, DXVwg, YVvZs, UEv, iiO, Dlr, TyCr, wdTQ, KKh, CwPZ, gfqB, gCCc, lGMk, qkqctq, ZFcYT, Sxn, Eepin, fYnt, YbhyS, hqdqRY, xEUv, xplhAZ, iYK, zNhoH, tqxfJG, MUs, CRhQti, mDeGto, yyMK, ntuwno, Ychggb, Thdyax, Oyi, RDLS, vyo, ATvghM, xoC, Rla, kKC, xsBprb, kdxVJ, ldX, zSqJcA, BZhhuk, jtl, vyOhJ, NXugn, dJaFuv, znnUjl, UYqRr, GzgipQ, mrn, VVvRK, rlQpQ, AgrO, cBrj, IYYDF, xYe, kqMCZ, vwy, EHp, uKZVI, uXRA, MrbGu, MJCZ, AOos, SEKf, pesVUw, JRTstS, YnF, Zizv, FyVaap,