That is, as they are moving away from each other, the speed of their moving away is increasing. All that matter expanding outward at the edges of the universe is being affected by our universes gravity. The contraction will bring all of that material (planets, stars, galaxies, black holeseverything) back to the center until it becomes that infinitely dense singularity again, wiping out everything. You can read further into this at Wikipedia. Many theories have been given so far on how our universe will be destroyed. Instead, it gets very close and is then repelled by a force similar to the one that repels a ball when you bounce it off the floor. An important parameter in fate of the universe theory is the density parameter, omega ( There was a time (about a century ago) when the theory called General Relativity was born with (at the time) some ideas about how some of the possibilities might be supported by observation. The flat Earth, the geocentric model, heliocentricity, galacticocentricity, the Big Bang, the Inflationary Big Bang. In the absence of dark energy, a flat universe expands forever but at a continually decelerating rate, with expansion asymptotically approaching zero. It maintains that the Universe will expand forever, getting colder and colder. At the time he published it in 1916, Einstein's theory of general relativity contained an odd term called the cosmological constant. Recent evidence suggests that this scenario is unlikely but has not been ruled out, as measurements have been available only over a short period of time, relatively speaking, and could reverse in the future. In the email will be a link to unsubscribe to further notifications. Lets discuss this briefly. There are no black dwarf stars out there in the Universe because they takes billions even trillions of years to form and that the Universe is too young for them to appear. [18] Over infinite time, there would be a spontaneous entropy decrease by the Poincar recurrence theorem, thermal fluctuations,[19][20] and the fluctuation theorem. Plasma-filled cosmos. You guessed it - it is expansion. There is nothing called the end of the Universe. A1689-zD1, one of the brightest and most distant galaxies, is 12.8 billion light years away - an extremely far distance in our expanding universe. > And at that moment no power can be used. One theory describes the end of the universe as the Big Rip. Dark energy is an expansion-dominating cosmological constant. 9. Because no more work can be extracted, the universe is effectively dead. This is based on the Big Bang theory, which is the most widely accepted theory of the universe's origins. 2. The scariest part of this theory is that, while most of these scenarios take place long after the stars have burned out and nothing is left anyway, the Big Rip is scheduled to happen (at the earliest estimate) in another 16 billion years. And though it could blow apart and shoot rainbows into the void between universes for all we care, the larger universe will still be there. ), defined as the average matter density of the universe divided by a critical value of that density. Some new modern theories assume the universe may have a significant amount of dark energy, whose repulsive force may be sufficient to cause the expansion of the universe to continue forevereven if This model was created by Marcelo Disconzi at . Stay up to date with our daily newsletter, GAMA researchers track the slow death of the universe, How the universe could be one big computer simulation created by another advanced civilisation, Mini black holes from LHC are not going to bring about the collapse of the universe, Cern LHC experiment suggests the universe is left-handed, Big Rip: Universe will pull itself apart in 22 billion years, mathematical model predicts, Father of four livestreamed his suicide on Facebook, Gaza farmer finds rare Byzantine-era floor mosaic while digging earth, Chinese officials tie up two women, humiliate them in streets for not wearing masks, Climate change could have triggered an ice age on Mars: Study, Woman who received heart valves from pig and cow finally gets a human valve. It has also been referred to as the Big Chill or the Heat Death by some. There are a number of competing theories of how the universe end, only one can be right but because its so far in the future, we won't know. It is possible that the dark energy equation of state could change again, resulting in an event that would have consequences which are extremely difficult to predict or parameterize. Time would just grind to a halt and, according to scientists, Then everything will be frozen, like a snapshot of one instant, forever. But it wouldnt really be forever, since time wouldnt be moving forward at all. The theoretical scientific exploration of the ultimate fate of the universe became possible with Albert Einstein's 1915 theory of general relativity. 1 They are all named have Big in their name to signify how much it will affect and also a nod to the the big bang which started it all. When this happens, at some point in the universe, a bubble will appear. Take an elastic band, pull it apart as far as you can then let go, it will return back to its former size which in our case will be the singularity in which the Big Bang started from. The result is unknown; a simple estimation would have all the matter and space-time in the universe collapse into a dimensionless singularity back into how the universe started with the Big Bang, but at these scales unknown quantum effects need to be considered (see Quantum gravity). (1) Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe was . The Universe has no beginning and no end, the Universe is here to stay. The ultimate fate of an open universe is either universal heat death, a "Big Freeze" (not to be confused with heat death, despite seemingly similar name interpretation; see Theories about the end of the universe below), or a "Big Rip"[10] in particular dark energy, quintessence,[11] and the Big Rip scenario[12][13] where the acceleration caused by dark energy eventually becomes so strong that it completely overwhelms the effects of the gravitational, electromagnetic and strong binding forces. Cosmology 101: The End - Universe Today. The "Always was" Theory, This is the is the assumption that The Universe is infinite and always has been here and always will be here. We are currently in the Stelliferous Era, the age of the stars. Eventually these too will evaporate as the universe gets ever colder, leaving nothing behind. As the Universe is not perfect, all it takes is one atom to be out of place and things could cause a different future on the bounce back out, your atoms might not end up on Earth next time. As to how the universe will contract, the ideas are endless. "In fact, they can be compared to geologic timescales," they say. Corbis. The Big Bounce is an additional step to the Big Crunch, in that once everything has contracted back into a singularity, the whole thing starts again, a new Big Bang. The theory is known as the Steady State Theory which says matter lost is replaced by new matter. Each model explains what was known at the time and what the measurements could confirm. Okay so 13 going on 30 and the Adam Project both star Jennifer Garner and Mark Ruffalo! The matter expanded outward at an incredible rate and eventually formed the universe we see today. In a multiverse scenario, with infinite universes, these universes may spring in or out of existence. With dark energy, the expansion not only continues but accelerates. Many have explained it in many ways. [17] It could, in the absence of dark energy, occur only under a flat or hyperbolic geometry. By doing this, the energy density will gradually decrease. In this scenario in 22 billion years, all things will be torn apart, including planets, atoms, and even time. This ball of matter then exploded and began to . The Big Bang theory states that the universe began as a very small, incredibly dense and hot ball of matter. Theories about the end of the universe. The Big Rip . But the surprising thing is that they do not slow down. If the theory of inflation is true, the universe went through an episode dominated by a different form of dark energy in the first moments of the Big Bang, but inflation ended, indicating an equation of state far more complex than those assumed so far for present-day dark energy. A Black Dwarf is a White Dwarf which has run out of its remaining energy. is equal to, less than, or greater than The theory states that continued expansion of the universe will cause the fabrics of the universe to tear apart. = Anyway, the Big Rip is one of the scariest prospects, because unlike other theories that occur after all the stars have died out in the Universe, this will happen in 16million years, when life will supposedly still exist on different planets. BOSTON If the "Higgs-like particle" discovered last year is . Subsequent cosmological theorizing has been designed so as to allow for this possible acceleration, nearly always by invoking dark energy, which in its simplest form is just a positive cosmological constant. Let me put your minds to rest if you're worried, the End or Fate of the Universe will not occur for a long time. 2.3 Number Three: Massive Black Holes. If you fix one end of a piece of string to a stationary object and pull the other end. According to The Big Rip Theory, there will come a time when the gravitational force will decrease and the effect of dark energy will increase so that the planets inside the galaxy will no longer be bound by their gravitational force. Jenna (Jennifer) and Matt (Mark) get married at the end of 13 going on 30 right? Since the universe is constantly accelerating, this theory plays on the fact that it will reach infinity at some point. These two theories were active contenders until the 1965 discovery, by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, of the cosmic microwave background radiation, a fact that is a straightforward prediction of the Big Bang theory, and one that the original Steady State theory could not account for. If we extrapolate that to our universe, we wind up with all of the matter evenly dispersed throughoutin a cold, dark, boring mist. The Big Bounce is a theorized scientific model related to the beginning of the known universe. The universe has basically sat down on the sofa, pulled up a blanket and is about to nod off for an eternal doze.". This theory hinges on the idea that the universe exists in a fundamentally unstable state. Eventually, wed be left with nothing but gravity wells in an abyss. {\displaystyle \Omega <1} Now, its very likely that we just dont have the understanding of physics to accurately describe this phenomenon yet, but its certainly a scary prospect. Learn on the go with our new app. According to one version of the Big Bang theory of cosmology, in the beginning the universe was infinitely dense. This is, however, unlikely to happen based on current knowledge, since weve recently discovered that the universe appears to be expanding at an accelerating rate. No matter how the world ends, scientists feel the need to use the (horribly understated) word big to describe it. In general, dark energy is a catch-all term for any hypothesized field with negative pressure, usually with a density that changes as the universe expands. The universe will come to a standstill. [21][22], A related scenario is heat death, which states that the universe goes to a state of maximum entropy in which everything is evenly distributed and there are no gradientswhich are needed to sustain information processing, one form of which is life. As for whether you'd do the same thing again, I couldn't possibly say. The Big Crunch is based on Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. There are also some possible events, such as the Big Slurp, which would seriously harm the universe, although the universe as a whole would not be completely destroyed as a result. This is also a paradox - humanity are special because The Doctor saves them, but he saves . "End of the universe" redirects here. 7. A steady increase in the Hubble constant to infinity would result in all material objects in the universe, starting with galaxies and eventually (in a finite time) all forms, no matter how small, disintegrating into unbound elementary particles, radiation and beyond. General Relativity: The World Ends in Ice. But this whole thing depends on dark energy. The fate of the universe is determined by its density. In a closed Universe, you could, in . If the elastic band breaks because you've pulled it too much, then your elastic band universe has destroyed it self in the Big Rip. A name is preferred even if its a random made up one by yourself. There is nothing to say that this has not happened before as its a theory and hard to disprove. The preponderance of evidence to date, based on measurements of the rate of expansion and the mass density, favors a universe that will continue to expand indefinitely, resulting in the "Big Freeze" scenario below. In this oscillating universe theory, our universe could be the first universe in a series, or it could be the 400th universe. , then the geometry of the universe is flat: as in Euclidean geometry, the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees and parallel lines continuously maintain the same distance. Nevertheless, new possibilities are arriving with surprising rapidity. 1 The Eternal Universe. Many have explained it in many ways. Measurements from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe have confirmed the universe is flat within a 0.4% margin of error.[2]. This is one of the first concepts that humans created about the nature of the universe, but there is a new spin on this theory that sounds a bit more, well, serious. As a result, the tendency of all objects in the universe to move away increases. According to this theory, gravity will eventually cause this expansion to slow to the point where it halts and begins to contract instead. We don't know if there is anything to stop it. Each possibility described so far is based on a very simple form for the dark energy equation of state. But what if time lost momentum and just froze? 1 The idea was recently visited by a team of scientists that said if a mini black hole was inside one of these bubbles of true vacuum, the gravity of the black hole would shift the balance, causing the bubble to expand and consume the whole universe within just a fraction of a second. 2.2 Number Two: Heat Death. Love podcasts or audiobooks? {\displaystyle 1} Much like an electromagnetic field, it varies in strength based upon its potential. The Big Rip Theory End of the universe based on its increasing expansion rate, 10 Famous Historical Beheading Victims Who Were, Top 10 Ways Candles Ruin Your Life And Signal The, 10 Amazing Discoveries At The Edge Of The Universe, 10 Reasons Disney Axed The 'Star Wars' Expanded Universe, The Universe Is Full Of Scary Things. 1 The current scientific consensus of most cosmologists is that the ultimate fate of the universe depends on its overall shape, how much dark energy it contains and on the equation of state which determines how the dark energy density responds to the expansion of the universe. Kier is a writer at Listverse and Cracked.com, and when hes not doing that stuff, hes curled up in the fetal position and worrying about the inevitable heat death of the universe. The most prominent theory for how the universe began is the Big Bang, where all matter first existed as a singularity, an infinitely dense point in the abyss of nothing. A somewhat similar idea is embraced by the cyclic model, but this idea evades heat death because of an expansion of the branes that dilutes entropy accumulated in the previous cycle. When the Universe started, there was an enormous amount of energy that pushed matter from the centre. and in the Adam Project they're married have a son but he's dead. Finally, the entire universe will go dark. 1 Thanh notes that, while there are many theories about how humankind and the universe as a whole will end, one fact is certain: the end is coming, one way or another. But it doesnt matter: In a multiverse, our universe is just one of many. But dont worry: The universe will still be there. This theory requires the Universe to be either flat or negatively curved. 2.5 Number Five: The Big Bounce. The Big Bounce is similar to the Big Crunch but far more optimistic. As we know, our universe is gradually expanding. This suggests that the universe began very dense about 13.787 billion years ago, and it has expanded and (on average) become less dense ever since. The angles of a triangle sum to less than 180 degrees, and lines that do not meet are never equidistant; they have a point of least distance and otherwise grow apart. Due to the effects of discovered dark energy, it has been assumed until now that our universe will die through a Big Rip or thermal death. These are called, respectively, the flat, open and closed universes. By far the most accepted explanation is The Big Rip Theory. According to Professor Brian Cox in his Wonders of series, he says there are not enough atoms in the universe to represent the amount of years left until the Universe has completely gone. One of these ideas (theories) was (at the time) a finite universe that expanded and reached a maximum size and then contracted. The universe follows the same rules as any thermodynamic system, and they all end up the same way: with heat evenly distributed throughout. When Einstein found that his general relativity equations could easily be solved in such a way as to allow the universe to be expanding at the present and contracting in the far future, he added to those equations what he called a cosmological constantessentially a constant energy density, unaffected by any expansion or contractionwhose role was to offset the effect of gravity on the universe as a whole in such a way that the universe would remain static. In a finite universe, these black holes would eventually devour most of the matter, and we would be left with a dark universe. It is believed by many that the universe began around 13.7 billion years ago. Then surely some unknown force is working against the force of gravity. As the nature of dark energy and dark matter remain enigmatic, even hypothetical, the possibilities surrounding their coming role in the universe are currently unknown. This scenario results in the Universe expanding not with a constant rate of acceleration, but at an increasing rate of . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise More massive black holes would consume the less massive ones, becoming larger, even more massive black holes. 2.4 Number Four: The End of Time. In a closed universe, gravity eventually stops the expansion of the universe, after which it starts to contract until all matter in the universe collapses to a point, a final singularity termed the "Big Crunch", the opposite of the Big Bang. If you're looking for just the end of Earth, you should look at End of Life on Earth. This equilibrium also happens with all other forms of energy. In other words, considering the universe is only around 14 billion years old, extrapolating the trends observed in the cosmic history so far to a considerably longer timescale can be criticized as being insufficiently substantiated. Ah, the age-old notion that the universe always has beenand always will be. In simple terms, this theory states that the universe will continuously repeat the cycle of a Big Bang, followed up with a Big Crunch. . He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. There would be no way to tell. Because the laws of physics dont make sense in an infinite multiverse, the only way this model makes sense is if that boundary is a real, physical boundary that nothing can expand beyond. What if there were no more moments? Today's two primary theories of physics both hold predictions for the end of the universe. Why 28 + 47 = 72, Not 75, For Black Holes. It is possible that, depending on the nature of Dark Energy, the . Conversely, a negative cosmological constant, which would correspond to a negative energy density and positive pressure, would cause even an open universe to re-collapse to a big crunch. The theory states that continued expansion of the universe will cause the fabrics of the universe to tear apart. Matter once destroyed does not return back as it was before, the Universe will end into nothingness. A black, empty, dark and cold space is what remains according to the theory of heat death. All . The false vacuum works on the idea that the universe is unstable and that billions of years from now it will tip over and a bubble will appear a bit like an alternate universe. We present an analysis of the pitch angle distribution function (PADF) for nearby galaxies and its resulting black hole mass function (BHMF) via the well-known relationship between pitch angle and black hole mass. As a result, the planets will move away from each other. Alexander Friedmann proposed several solutions in 1922, as did Georges Lematre in 1927. If you use enough energy, the string will break. Assume we live in a universe that never ends. This Big Bounce would be very similar to a Big Bang, and would, in theory, produce a new universe. The Big Bounce is a bit more optimistic in that it says the universe will never really end. To get around this problem, scientists take a section of the universe and just calculate probabilities for it. Newton 2.0. We could be locked in an endless birth, death, rebirth recycle. However, after Hubble announced his conclusion that the universe was expanding, Einstein would write that his cosmological constant was "the greatest blunder of my life."[5]. This unknown energy is called dark energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe&oldid=1121497410, This page was last edited on 12 November 2022, at 16:16. {\displaystyle \Omega } As you know when you throw a ball, the ball will stop when it runs out of energy and fall down. [16] This scenario, in combination with the Big Rip scenario, is gaining ground as the most important hypothesis. But the universe wouldnt be anything that we could comprehend. So, let's assume (I hate that word) there isn't. There can only be one end fate for the universe but which one that will occur is anyone's guess. If you look at the values of quantum physics particles, some suggest that our universe is teetering on the edge of stability. All the material in the universe will explode. Among the theories that have been given so far about the destruction of the universe, the notable ones are-, The Big RipThe Big CrunchThe Big FreezeThe Big BounceMultiverse Theory. If you use enough energy, the string will break. Then something caused it to explode. The laws of physics will be different, and there might even be life. In the special case of phantom dark energy, which has supposed negative kinetic energy that would result in a higher rate of acceleration than other cosmological constants predict, a more sudden big rip could occur. As existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker. One of the most fascinating things about the universe is how little we really know. You can decline to give a name which if that is the case, the comment will be attributed to a random star. In one scenario they say the minimum time remaining before the end of expansion is roughly equal to the period since life has existed on Earth. By saving humanity and ensuring that they survive and prevail no matter what, he makes them so "indomitable". There are four competing theories of how the universe will end, no one knows. There are two features of the Universe that are key to understanding its fate; they are its density and its shape. There are those who believe that there will be no end to the Universe, that the Universe will continue for every. As the universe expands at an ever increasing rate, eventually it will not be able to withstand the speeds and will rip itself apart individual atoms will disassemble themselves into radiation and unbound elementary particles. Comments may be merged or altered slightly such as if an email address is given in the main body of the comment. Current evidence also indicates the universe is not closed[citation needed]. A true vacuum exists so long as the universe exists in its lowest energy state, in which case the false vacuum theory is irrelevant. It would just be that one instant in time. In this model, things arent really destroyed, just recycled.. This makes the calculations work out, but the boundaries that they draw invariably cut off sections of universes at the outer edges of the sample, the same way that you might cut off parts of Texas if you drew a circle on a map of the USA. From then on, the beginning of the universe and its possible end have been the subjects of serious scientific investigation. Matter will still be there, but in particle form, and its motion will be totally random. In the Big Freeze scenario, the universe will grow so big that the supply of gas will be too thin for stars to form. This bubble will expand in all directions at the speed of light and wipe out everything it touches. [4] In 1948, Fred Hoyle set out his opposing Steady State theory in which the universe continually expanded but remained statistically unchanged as new matter is constantly created. Even without dark energy, a negatively curved universe expands forever, with gravity negligibly slowing the rate of expansion. A large part of black hole theory involves the cannibalization of stars or even entire galaxies as they fall into the holes event horizon. It would be a kind of pseudo immortality. > Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Starting in 1998, observations of supernovas in distant galaxies have been interpreted as consistent[6] with a universe whose expansion is accelerating. [26], However, only a portion of the universe would be destroyed by the Big Slurp while most of the universe would still be unaffected because galaxies located further than 4,200 megaparsecs (13 billion light-years) away from each other are moving away from each other faster than the speed of light while the Big Slurp itself cannot expand faster than the speed of light.[27]. Physics doesnt like this explanation, so some scientists have claimed that perhaps the universe doesnt go the whole way back to a singularity. 2. And then wed be left with the same conditions that the universe had before the Big Bangall the matter of the universe condensed into an infinitesimal point. But youd never know. [14] However, observations are not conclusive, and alternative models are still possible. The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated. The theory does, however, require that the acceleration of the expansion either remains constant or slows down. This theory states that when the Universe gets to a certain size, it will begin contracting. The preponderance of evidence to date, based on measurements of the rate of expansion and the mass density, favors a universe that will continue to expand indefinitely, resulting in the "Big Freeze" scenario below. Our sample consists of a subset of 74 spiral galaxies from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey with absolute B-band magnitude MB>19.12 mag and luminosity distance DL25.4 . According to a popular theory, most matter in the universe is orbiting black holes. This has caused cosmologists to abandon the oscillating universe model. Such a description seems to be at odds with other more widely accepted theories, especially quantum mechanics and its uncertainty principle. And we will take that moment as the death of this universe. Enter Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity and Edward Hubble's research into . This is one of the first concepts that humans created about the nature of the universe, but there is a new spin on this theory that sounds a bit more, well, serious. Slowly, stars will fizzle out, turning night skies black. The Big Bounce. Here is a guide to the different theories. With a positive cosmological constant, it could also occur in a closed universe. Our current understanding is that time and space began during the Big Bang , when a subatomic, ultra-hot and super-dense point . , or equivalently the rate at which the expansion was decelerating. Andrei and co say the minimum time before the acceleration ends is "strikingly soon, cosmologically speaking". Just the same instant in time. The Big Bang remains the preferred theory of many scientists, supported by two key observations the expansion of the universe and the cosmic microwave background (CMB . 2.1 Number One: Big Crunch Theory. These three adjectives refer to the overall geometry of the universe, and not to the local curving of spacetime caused by smaller clumps of mass (for example, galaxies and stars). It also highlights some lesser known theorists including Georges Lematre, who first theorised that there was a big bang, Ralph . The Big Crunch, as you might have guessed, is the Big Bangs opposite. There is a strong consensus among cosmologists that the shape of the universe is considered "flat" (parallel lines stay parallel) and will continue to expand forever.[2][3]. The geometry of such a universe is hyperbolic.[9]. Scientists think it would probably be a lot more boring though, and even postulated that for life to exist, the universe might have to exist on that edge. The truly fascinating thing is just how many theories the scientific community has producedand how wildly different some of them are. In this case, gravity is not strong enough to overcome the expansion, so the universe just keeps on expanding exponentially. Assuming you were still alive to experience this (in billions of years, long after the Earth is gone), youd never realize anything was amiss. Every now and then there would be a flash of light, almost like lightning, whenever an object was pulled close enough to a black hole to emit energy, and then it would fall dark again. This is true for school, for work, for life, for Earth, and for the universe as well. [4] In some of these solutions, the universe has been expanding from an initial singularity which was, essentially, the Big Bang. Sign up and stay up to date with our daily newsletter. There is not enough grains of sand on this Earth to represent the number of years left till the end of the Universe. [1] Confirmation of the Big Bang mostly depends on knowing the rate of expansion, average density of matter, and the physical properties of the massenergy in the universe. Observations of the stars and galaxies indicate that the universe is expanding. Here are the top theories about the ultimate fate of the universe. One unlikely scenarios is that we live life back in reverse, instead of life to death, it'll be death to life. When this happens, it will pull everything in the universe inside it turning into the biggest ever black hole. {\displaystyle \Omega } There are several possible solutions to the equations of general relativity, and each solution implies a possible ultimate fate of the universe. The Big Crunch is based on Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. Similar to the Big Crunch in terms of the universe eventually running out of steam and collapsing on itself, the Big Bounce says that this collapse would eventually cause another Big Bang creating a cyclical effect of endless universes after a singularity is reached. At this phase in the universes existence, planets (and theoretically life) will still exist. As we make developmental leaps in science and technology, and are able to journey or peer further and further out into the cosmos, both . This theory posits that the universe currently exists in a false vacuum and that it could become a true vacuum at any moment. . Many current theories suggest dark energy is a cosmological constant, a kind of uniform energy that exists throughout space. In the television series Red Dwarf episode "Backwards", the crew visit a planet which everyone is doing things in reverse although the crew do things forward like we do now. Well be left with just particles in a void. Most theories about the end of the world start with the world BIG (see the Big Bounce, the Big Crunch, and even the Big Bang). All Rights Reserved. The Big Crunch hypothesis is a symmetric view of the ultimate fate of the universe. Clearly, theories about the end of the Universe remain untestableit hasn't happened yet, and we can't run an experiment beforehand. 3. This selects one of three possible geometries depending on whether The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated. None of these theoretic endings for the universe are certain. By far the most accepted explanation is The Big . Choosing among these rival scenarios is done by 'weighing' the universe, for example, measuring the relative contributions of matter, radiation, dark matter, and dark energy to the critical density. {\displaystyle \Omega =1} The universe could then consist of an infinite sequence of finite universes, with each finite universe ending with a Big Crunch that is also the Big Bang of the next universe. Youd never die. First, the Universe might have what we call positive curvature like a sphere. In other words, cosmic inflation continues in some parts of the Universe and ceases in others. Sorry, Donald Trump, it cant be infinity, Dark Energy Holds The Ultimate Lesson For Todays Scientific Frontiers, Discovery of First Exoplanet scoops 2019 Nobel Prize for Physics, Astronomers discover a great galactic genocide 11 billion years ago. The force of that compression can very well cause another big bang/ explosion, and another new universe kicks off. The sum of the angles of a triangle exceeds 180 degrees and there are no parallel lines; all lines eventually meet. The geometry of the universe is, at least on a very large scale, elliptic. While Newton's theory explains the behavior of objects at relatively small cosmic scales such as why we don't fall off the Earth and our planet stays rotating around the sun going bigger gets problematic. Just look at galaxies, which contain almost everything and house supermassive black holes in their centers. Some scientists theorize that billions of years from now, the universe will tip over the brink. If understood, we could be more sure, of what is going to happen. Eventually, the acceleration speeds up so much that, like the Enterprise at warp factor nine, it cant take any more and rips itself apart into nothingness. Observations made by Edwin Hubble during the 1930s1950s found that galaxies appeared to be moving away from each other, leading to the currently accepted Big Bang theory. [24] Therefore, quantum mechanics has given rise to an alternative version of the Big Bang theory, specifically that the universe tunneled into existence and had a finite density consistent with quantum mechanics, before evolving in a manner governed by classical physics. However, as the name is meant to imply, very little is currently known about the physics of dark energy. General relativity can be employed to describe the universe on the largest possible scale. Image . Are We Seeing a New Space Race That is Now Done Between Billionaires? Heat Death takes place when the universe has reached a state of maximum entropy all the available energy has moved to places with less energy and heat stops flowing. With an infinite amount of time, anything that could possibly happen has a 100 percent probability of happening. (Utopia) What if the reason for this is The Doctor himself? Even then, he says the universe will have free particles still existing. Forever. The universe is expanding and once it gets to a certain size, the energy will have run out and dissipate. Big Crunch. If the ratio of the dark energy pressure to its energy density, its equation of state, has a value less than -1, the Universe ends in a Big Rip. And this universe-wide cataclysm could burn them alive, tear them apart, or feed them to the space lions that live between universes. In this theory, an unseen force called dark energy is causing the accelerating expansion of the universe that weve observed. {\displaystyle \Omega >1} Hence cosmologists aimed to determine the fate of the universe by measuring If Surprisingly, the possibilities they describe are very different. As the gravitational force weakens with expansion, the magnitude of this force becomes stronger. We cannot say that these theories were wrong; perhaps it would be truer to say they . If anything is eternal, its surely time. They claim the universe did not end. Before discussing the universe's end, let's go into its birth. There's no register feature and no need to give an email address if you don't need to. is supposed to slow down after some time under the influence of gravitational force. Study author Simon Driver said: "The universe will decline from here on in, sliding gently into old age. Gravity slows the expansion of the universe and contracts everything back to the center. But its sure to be a far more violent death than the slow heat death most people were expecting. For the physical location, see, Last edited on 12 November 2022, at 16:16, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Expansion of the universe, A homogeneous universe of constant mass and increasing radius accounting for the radial velocity of extra-galactic nebul", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, "Supernovae, an accelerating universe and the cosmological constant", "Dark Energy, Dark Matter - Science Mission Directorate", "Quantum cosmology and the creation of the universe". However, if the vacuum is not in its lowest energy state (a false vacuum), it could tunnel into a lower-energy state. And according to the physics, sometime in the next 3.7 billion years, well cross that time barrier, and the universe will end for us. Youd never grow old. 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In this scenario, stars are expected to form normally for 1012 to 1014 (1100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. While matter becomes less dense as the Universe expands, diluting as . This leads to a multiverse scenario, wherein space is broken into bubbles. Over time, black holes evaporate (lose their mass) because they emit what is called Hawking radiation. So after the last black hole dies, well be left with an even distribution of subatomic Hawking radiation particles. At some point, it will be close to zero. And just like we want to know what happens when we die, science has asked how the universe will end for as long as man has been able to think about such concepts. They could start in Big Bangs. {\displaystyle \Omega } The idea of the Universe ending in a Big Rip was first postulated in 2003. [3] Recent observations conclude, from 7.5 billion years after the Big Bang, that the expansion rate of the universe has probably been increasing, commensurate with the Open Universe theory. The same paradox happens if you have eternal life. 1 Just as the Big Bang started as a cosmological expansion, this theory assumes that the average density of the universe will be enough to stop its expansion and the universe will begin contracting. "If the cosmological constant is the dominant thing in the universe," explains Mark Trodden, a co-director for the Penn Center for Particle Cosmology at the University of Pennsylvania, then instead of speeding up unsustainably and tearing itself apart . Freeze is more appropriate as the universe will get really really cold and not just a lower temperature. Many theories have been given so far on how our universe will be destroyed. If we try to calculate probabilities in a multiverse (where there are infinite universes, each just a little different), we run into the same problem as the infinite-time universe: Everything has a 100 percent chance of occurring. 2. However, there are a number of problems with this theory, one of which being that the universe is expanding at an ever increasing rate. Even though time itself could run out in other universes, in a multiverse, new universes are being born all the time. [15], The Big Freeze (or Big Chill) is a scenario under which continued expansion results in a universe that asymptotically approaches absolute zero temperature. Evidence regarding the Big Bang theory is based on: (1) Hubble's Law, (2) the discovery of the cosmic microwave background, (3) observations of the galaxy formation and evolution, and (4) the distribution of large-scale cosmic structures. Do read the sections on the "early Universe" and alternative theories to the Big Bang before looking at this section. In this model, the universe is cyclical and will continue to expand and contract forever. This theory, which recently hit headlines across the globe, says that a type of phantom dark energy will get stronger over time. It is also possible that all structures will be destroyed instantaneously, without any forewarning. This theory is about the Universe expanding so much that it rips itself apart. Think of heat death as the total opposite of the Big Crunch. It will always be here. 2. There are those who believe in the Steady State Universe who believe the Universe is inifinite in time, it has no birth, has no end. They make it to the furthest reaches of the universe, surviving until the end. [citation needed]. Instead of the singularity of the Big Bang being the start of time itself, time couldve existed before (for an eternity before), and the singularity and resulting bang could have resulted from the collision of two branes (sheet-like structures of space that form on a higher plane of existence). The molecules and atoms that make up the universe will also disintegrate. From the day that all the dense matter blew up (do not worry if you do not . You live an infinite time, so anything that is possible is guaranteed to happen (and happen an infinite number of times). In this case, the Universe is called "closed" and it has a finite size but without a boundary, just like a baloon. Gravity poses a problem. What are the 7 theories of the origin of the universe? The Big Freeze. Episodes Episode One: The Beginning This episode, exploring theories of how the universe came into being, outlines the realisation of Edwin Hubble that the universe is expanding, and the discovery of the residual radiation that gave weight to the Big Bang theory. Among the theories that have been given so far about the destruction of the universe, the notable ones are-The Big Rip The Big Crunch The Big Freeze The Big Bounce Multiverse Theory. This is the default option given the best data we have today. We know that the farthest parts of the universe are accelerating away and the closer we get to us, the less so, with the exception of Andromeda which is heading toward us, but this may be an anomaly (chaos theory.) A recent study found the universe is slowly dying, with scientists from International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research in Western Australia finding that the energy produced in some parts of the universe is half of what it was two billion years ago. It actually might not end, its just so far ahead in the future we don't know. This article is copyrighted by IBTimes.co.uk, the business newsleader, IBT UK Morning Brief - Let the best of International News come to you. Eventually, it will stop expanding and start collapsing into itself. If you give an email address, you may receive an email notifying you when someone else has added a comment to the same page. But when it does die, just how will the universe go? The theories of the universe timeline may differ from the reality, but the fact remains that the evolution of the universe is a constant process. In the end, eventually the stars will die out, everything will drift apart, and the . Based on available observational evidence, deciding the fate and evolution of the universe has become a valid cosmological question, being beyond the mostly untestable constraints of mythological or theological beliefs. Multiverse and Parallel Universe / Worlds Theory. The fate of the universe may be determined by its density. In order to best understand the false vacuum collapse theory, one must first understand the Higgs field which permeates the universe. {\displaystyle \Omega >1} When I say long, I really mean long, there is not enough bandwidth to say how long it might be. All existing stars will eventually burn out leaving only black holes behind. In cosmic terms, this is short compared to what lies ahead for the Universe. The big crunch is fairly unlikely though, there doesn't appear to be enough mass in the universe to cause it to start contracting on itself, a recent theory of dark energy may be the answer to why the universe appears to be expanding at increasing rates rather than just a constant rate, this would mean the universe could in theory continue to . It says the expansion of the universe (from the Big Bang) will not continue forever. It says that due to the continuous expansion, all the elements that make up the universe, from atoms to galaxies, will be broken. At the time of the Big Bang, a point of almost infinite density exploded, creating galaxies that are still further apart. Based on available observational evidence, deciding the fate and evolution of the universe has become a valid cosmological question, being beyond the mostly untestable constraints of . What is dark energy that is not well understood? [25] This is called vacuum decay. Factors that need to be considered in determining the universe's origin and ultimate fate include the average motions of galaxies, the shape and structure of the universe, and the amount of dark matter and dark energy that the universe contains. Up until the beginning of the 20th century, the universe was believed to be infinite and ageless. [24] Also, if the universe is closed, this theory would predict that once this universe collapses it will spawn another universe in an event similar to the Big Bang after a universal singularity is reached or a repulsive quantum force causes re-expansion. Eventually, it will stop expanding and . 3. Galaxies drift apart like forlorn lovers, and the all-encompassing night between them becomes wider and wider. Which has been going on since the Big Frog. Eventually the time that stars existed will be no more than a blink in the eye. It says the expansion of the universe (from the Big Bang) will not continue forever. The largest era of the Universe will contain black dwarves and black holes and they will be known as the Degenerate and Black Hole Eras. Copyright 2022 IBTimes UK. Ours could end in a Big Crunch, a heat death, a Big Rip, or even a Big Foot (and the shout of we told you so from cryptozoologists would echo into eternity). In contrast, the planck era describes the universe's beginning, and is the earliest meaningful time. In this theory, the force of that rapid compression is enough to start off another big bang, and the universe starts again. The theory argues that the inflationary phase of the Universe goes on forever; it didn't end for the Universe as a whole. And as our universe expands, energy will continue to spread to all points in space. We could potentially know for sure in the next 20 yearswe have a satellite (the Planck satellite) surveying space for the patterns in background radiation that the prominent theories on the origin of the universe predict. Based on their analysis,' the universe must have started at a single point billions of years ago. Whether there is a universe or not, time has to chug on. The "Bible" Theory, This is the Creation theory and has . This one feature makes it almost impossible to know where space ends. . Recent calculations say this will happen in about 22 billion years. Think of it as an alternate universe (though its really the same universe with different properties). Here's the theory: In the first 10^-43 seconds of its existence, the universe was very compact, less than a million billion billionth the size of a single atom. The heat death scenario is compatible with any of the three spatial models, but requires that the universe reaches an eventual temperature minimum.[23]. They had to change their names somewhere in between for unknown reasons but I believe these two movies take . That's 3 or 4 . The current Hubble constant defines a rate of acceleration of the universe not large enough to destroy local structures like galaxies, which are held together by gravity, but large enough to increase the space between them. More concretely, competing scenarios are evaluated against data on galaxy clustering and distant supernovas, and on the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. 1. Eventually, the stars will all wink out, one by one, and there wont be enough energy left to ignite new ones. Several possible futures have been predicted by different scientific hypotheses, including that the universe might have existed for a finite and infinite duration, or towards explaining the manner and circumstances of its beginning. All messages will be reviewed before being displayed. A problem with the cyclic universe is that it does not reconcile with the second law of thermodynamics, as entropy would build up from oscillation to oscillation and cause the eventual heat death of the universe[citation needed]. In 1929, Edwin Hubble published his conclusion, based on his observations of Cepheid variable stars in distant galaxies, that the universe was expanding. Imagine the same scenario: Gravity slows the expansion of the universe and condenses everything back into one single point. If the primary content of the universe is inert matter, as in the dust models popular for much of the 20th century, there is a particular fate corresponding to each geometry. One theory of our ultimate end relies on the assumption that this expansion will continue indefinitely until the galaxies, stars, planets, and matter (even the subatomic building blocks that . A universe is anything and everything in existence. It derives from the oscillatory universe or cyclic repetition interpretation of the Big Bang where the first cosmological event was the result of the collapse of a previous universe. This theory is about the Universe expanding so much that it rips itself apart. The Simpsons withstanding, everything, eventually, will come to an end. How are galaxies moving away faster than light? [7] However, other recent measurements by Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe suggest that the universe is either flat or very close to flat.[2]. An artist's conception visualizes the beginning of the universe in the big bang or could it be the end of the universe? , the geometry of space is open, i.e., negatively curved like the surface of a saddle. The paper, published in the Journal of High Energy Physics in May, puts forward that the Universe is far less complex than current multiverse theories suggest.. It's based around a concept called eternal inflation, first introduced in 1979 and published in 1981.. After the Big Bang, the Universe experienced a period of exponential inflation.Then it slowed down, and the energy converted into . 2.6 Number Six: The Big Rip. Its anyones guess. There are three possibilities of the shape of the Universe. Its a long process, but once we have that radiation pattern, we could have a better understanding of how our universe beganand how it will end. The Big Freeze. [17], This scenario allows the Big Bang to occur immediately after the Big Crunch of a preceding universe. In 1927, Georges Lematre set out a theory that has since come to be called the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe. The universe will be in a state of equilibrium, and these particles will bounce off of one another without exchanging energy. No human alive today will see the end of the Universe unless of course Doctor Who exists and takes someone to Malcassairo, the last planet in the Universe in the episode Utopia. < The Big Crunch is the opposite of the Big Bang, which explains the origin of the universe. As a result, the Big Bang theory quickly became the most widely held view of the origin of the universe. The "how, or if, the Universe started" question is intimately linked to "how, or if, the Universe will end". If this happens repeatedly, it creates a cyclic model, which is also known as an oscillatory universe. Eventually, this bubble will destroy everything in the universe. As the energy density, scale factor and expansion rate become infinite the universe ends as what is effectively a singularity. However, they also said if this was going to happen, it would have already. Ah, the age-old notion that the universe always has beenand always will be. With birth rates dropping across the globe, human beings will soon find out whether they can be happy and prosperous with fewer children, or if birth rates will increase as people . As long as . Thus, if you live forever, the odds of you becoming permanently incapacitated in some way reach 100 percent, and you spend eternity cartwheeling through the blackness of space. The Universe is only 13.5 Billion Years old, it still has the vast part of his life ahead of us. 1.) The Big Rip theory, despite the fact that it is explaining the end of time and space as we know it, tells us something super critical about the nature of the universe. There is no synchronicity between the two eras. If you fix one end of a piece of string to a stationary object and pull the other end. [8], If 2 7 theories about the end of the Universe. Otherwise, thered be no way to discern one moment from the next. I am not suggesting you try the elastic band experiment because you will if you do it wrong will HURT yourself. It's like a universe inside a universe. But still, this wouldnt be the final state of the universe. The Big Bounce is somewhat like the Big Crunch but this one is somewhat of a positive theory. Eventually black holes will dominate the universe, which themselves will disappear over time as they emit Hawking radiation. No interaction will occur. According to the physics, the number of new universes will always outnumber the old ones, so in theory, the number of universes is increasing. The expansion speed of cosmic objects like galaxies, clusters, etc. 1.7.1 The Pros and Cons of the Bible-Based Theory. If the average density of the universe exactly equals the critical density so that , the geometry of space is closed like the surface of a sphere. And because theres still matter out there, wed still have a universe and existence. Because this messed up a lot of calculations that try to predict outcomes in our universe (like the figures behind dark energy), scientists theorized something else: that time itself must eventually stop. With dark energy, the expansion rate of the universe initially slows down, due to the effects of gravity, but eventually increases, and the ultimate fate of the universe becomes the same as that of an open universe. 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